Indigo dye is extracted from the leaves of the indigo plant through a process known as fermentation. The leaves are first soaked in water, allowing the plant material to break down and release the indican compound. This compound is then hydrolyzed by naturally occurring enzymes to produce indoxyl. The indoxyl is subsequently oxidized when exposed to air, forming the blue dye known as indigotin. The resulting solution is then filtered to remove any plant debris, and the dye is precipitated out by adding a base, such as lime. Once the indigo dye has been precipitated, it is collected and dried into a powder form. This powder can be stored and later reconstituted with water for use in dyeing fabrics. The dyeing process involves immersing the fabric in the indigo solution, where it absorbs the dye. Upon exposure to air, the indigo oxidizes and bonds with the fibers, producing a rich, blue color. This traditional method of indigo processing has been used for centuries and remains a vital part of textile production in many cultures around the world.